Hypnosis Research OVERACTIVE BLADDER SYNDROME (HYPNOTHERAPY VS MEDICATION)
Hypnotherapy or Medications: A Randomized Trial in Urgency Urinary Incontinent
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
A 4-year, 3-million dollar study funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and conducted at University of New Mexico Hospital utilizing hypnotherapy was a great success.
This study’s purpose was to determine, if hypnotherapy is, or is not, inferior to drug therapy in the treatment of Overactive Bladder/Urinary Urgency. However it is part of what makes this such a significant research. Moreover study is that it involved 152 patients – a significant sample of the population. Also unique to this study is that it tested hypnotherapy against the current standard treatment (drug therapy.)
Researchers used an 8-session hypnotherapy protocol as created by leading experts in medical hypnosis. The results were very positive, indicating that in 8 sessions patients using the Medical Hypnotherapy Protocol for OBS. It had similar results as the patients using medication alone.
Preliminary trend lines show that the patients receiving hypnotherapy had equivalent results to drug therapy without side effects.
In those patients who were moderately to highly responsive to hypnosis,
the one-year follow-up showed superior results to drug therapy.
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CANCER PATIENTS REDUCE PAIN, NAUSEA, FATIGUE, EMOTIONAL UPSET
A Randomized Clinical Trial Of A Brief Hypnosis Intervention To Control Side Effects In Breast Surgery Patients
Journal of the National Cancer Institute.
Patients in the hypnosis group reported less pain intensity, pain unpleasantness, nausea, fatigue, discomfort, and emotional upset.
Patients in the hypnosis group cost the institution $772.71 less per patient than those in the control group, mainly due to reduced surgical time.
Hypnosis was superior to attention control regarding Propofol and lidocaine use; pain, nausea, fatigue, discomfort, and emotional upset at discharge; and institutional cost.
The Journal of the National Cancer Institute states that “the present data supports the use of hypnosis with breast cancer surgery patients.”
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Hypnosis Research STRENGTHENED IMMUNE SYSTEM
Effects Of Hypnosis On The Immune Response: B-Cells, T-Cells, Helper & Suppressor Cells
American Psychological Association.
As reported at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association. In a study at Washington State University, volunteers were broken up into one of three groups. 1) Hypnosis, in which they were given positive, healing hypnotic suggestions specifically to boost their immune systems. 2) Relaxation via Restricted Environmental Stimulation Therapy (REST). 3) control conditions.
Blood samples obtained before treatment and twice. Thereafter were subjected to flow cytometry analysis. Findings showed significantly greater T-cell counts for the highly hypnotizable Ss exposed to hypnosis compared to highly hypnotizable Ss exposed to REST only.
After T- and B-cells (special defense cells) were measured it was found that those who had received specific hypnotic suggestions showed significant increases in their levels of protective cells.
From the abstract:
“Hence, hypnosis can modify the production and activity of components of the immune system.”
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STRENGTHENED IMMUNE SYSTEM
Hypnosis As A Modulator Of Cellular Immune Dysregulation During Acute Stress
Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology.
In research published in the Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology hypnosis and related visualization techniques. However it shown to actually prevent the weakening of the immune response that often follows periods of acute stress.
Medical and dental students who were about to take exams and under tremendous amounts of stress. It were taught self-hypnosis, so doing hypnotherapy on themselves after some training,
In the study the control group, subjects who had not used self-hypnosis as a relaxation technique prior to their stressful event. However they showed a 24 percent decrease in T-cell count compared to a 2 percent increase in the hypnosis group. – T cells = T-Lymphocyte white blood cells are important to the immune response.
The investigators found that during acute stress during exam time. Moreover it self-hypnosis students exhibited stronger immune responses compared with students who did not learn the technique.
Amazingly, the more often students practiced the relaxation strategy, the stronger their immune response became.
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BROKEN BONES
Using Hypnosis to Accelerate the Healing of Bone Fractures
Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine
Dr. Carol Ginandes, Professor of Psychology at Harvard Medical School. However Dr. Daniel Rosenthal, Professor of Radiology at the Harvard Medical School, published a report on their study of hypnosis to speed up the mending of broken bones.
They recruited 12 people with broken ankles who did not require surgery and who received the usual treatment at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston. In addition, Ginandes hypnotized half of them once a week for 12 weeks, while the other half received only normal treatment. The same doctor applied the casts and other care, and the same radiologists took regular X-rays to monitor how well they healed. A radiologist who evaluated the X-rays did not know which patients underwent hypnosis.
Those who were hypnotized healed faster than those who were not.
6 weeks after an ankle fracture, those in the hypnosis group showed the equivalent 8.5 weeks of healing. That effectively demonstrates that using hypnosis helped that group heal bone fractures 41% faster.
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ANXIETY
Hypnosis As Mental Health Therapy
Harvard Medical School’s – Mental Health Newsletter
“Hypnosis also helps to alleviate anxiety. It has been studied most as a treatment for anxiety related to surgery. Many studies have reported that hypnosis reduced anxiety levels and lowered blood pressure in patients before surgery, and enhanced recovery afterward by shortening hospital stays and reducing complications like nausea and vomiting.
“In a 2006 study, for example, patients who underwent hypnosis received suggestions of well-being before surgery. Upon entering the operating room, they reported anxiety levels 56% lower than anxiety levels before hypnosis. Patients in a comparison group, who received the normal presurgical standard of care, reported a 47% increase in anxiety.”
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ANXIETY
Hypnosis In The Treatment of Anxiety
National Institutes for Health (NIH)
“Hypnotherapy and training in self-hypnosis can help persons achieve remarkable success in alleviating anxiety, not only in anxiety disorders, but also in any problem involving anxiety.
“The author describes the role of hypnosis in the treatment of several disorders and provides clinical examples illustrating treatment of generalized anxiety, phobias, and posttraumatic stress disorders.
“He concludes that because hypnosis exploits the intimate connection between mind and body, it provides relief through improved self-regulation and also beneficially affects cognition and the experience of self-mastery.”
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ANXIETY AND STRESS DISORDERS
Hypnosis In The Treatment of Anxiety and Stress Related Disorders
Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics
“Self-hypnosis training represents a rapid, cost-effective, nonaddictive and safe alternative to medication for the treatment of anxiety-related conditions.
“Here we provide a review of the experimental literature on the use of self-hypnosis in the treatment of anxiety and stress-related disorders, including anxiety associated with cancer, surgery, burns and medical/dental procedures.
“An overview of research is also provided with regard to self-hypnotic treatment of anxiety-related disorders, such as tension headaches, migraines and irritable bowel syndrome. The tremendous volume of research provides compelling evidence that hypnosis is an efficacious treatment for state anxiety (e.g., prior to tests, surgery and medical procedures) and anxiety-related disorders, such as headaches and irritable bowel syndrome.”
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REDUCING PAIN AND SOOTHING ANXIETY
Hypnosis Today
Monitor on Psychology
A monthly publication of the American Psychological Association
“Hypnosis continues to show promise in reducing pain and soothing anxiety.
“A growing body of scientific research supports hypnosis’ benefits in treating a wide range of conditions, including pain, depression, anxiety and phobias.
“Hypnosis works and the empirical support is unequivocal in that regard. It really does help people,” says Michael Yapko, PhD, a psychologist and fellow of the American Society of Clinical Hypnosis.
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STRENGTHENED IMMUNE SYSTEM FOR CANCER PATIENTS
A Review of the Effects of Hypnosis on the Immune System in Breast Cancer Patients
International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis
2 studies assessing the immune-logical effects of hypnosis in patients with early stage breast cancer were evaluated:
First: (a) an experiment that taught hypnotic guided-imagery therapy to patients and
Second: (b) one that provided participants with home visits and autogenic training.
Both investigations demonstrated improvement in depression and increased natural killer (NK) cell counts after 2 months of hypnosis treatment.
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PAIN REDUCTION
Effectiveness Of Medical Hypnosis For Pain Reduction And Faster Wound Healing In Children With Acute Burn Injury
Trial Journal
The University of Queensland’s Child Health Research Center (CHRC) investigated if hypnotherapy decreased pain, anxiety, and stress in children with severe burns while they were having their bandages and dressings changed.
This was a randomized controlled study at Lady Cilento Children’s hospital. 62 burn patients between the ages of 4 and 16 were selected for this study.
They were randomly assigned to one of two groups. The first group received hypnotherapy sessions and the second group received the standard care. During the entire process measurements were made. These measurements included pain, anxiety, stress, and speed of wound healing.
The patients in the hypnotherapy group had 70% lower levels of pain and 67 % lower levels of anxiety compared next to the standard care group.
By the time the third bandage and dressing change came around, the hypnotherapy group had a 90% reduction in pain levels and 84% lower levels of anxiety.
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CHILDBIRTH
Improved obstetric outcomes using hypnotic analgesia and skill mastery combined with childbirth education
Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
The benefits of hypnotic analgesia as an adjunct to childbirth education were studied in 60 nulliparous women. Subjects were divided into high and low hypnotic susceptibility groups before receiving 6 sessions of childbirth education and skill mastery using an ischemic pain task. Half of the sample size in each group received a hypnotic induction at the beginning of each session; the remaining control sample size received relaxation and breathing exercises typically used in childbirth education.
- Both hypnotic sample size and highly susceptible sample size reported reduced pain
- Hypnotically prepared births had shorter Stage 1 labors
- Less medication
- Higher Apgar scores
- More frequent spontaneous deliveries than control sample size’s births.
Highly susceptible, hypnotically treated women had lower depression scores after birth than women in the other 3 groups. We propose that repeated skill mastery facilitated the effectiveness of hypnosis in our study.
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IRRITABLE-BOWEL SYNDROME
Controlled Trial of Hypnotherapy in the Treatment of Severe Refractory Irritable-Bowel Syndrome
Lancet
30 patients with severe refractory irritable-bowel syndrome were randomly allocated to treatment with either hypnotherapy or psychotherapy and placebo. The psychotherapy patients showed a small but significant improvement in abdominal pain, abdominal distension, and general well-being but not in bowel habit.
The hypnotherapy patients showed a dramatic improvement in all features, the difference between the two groups being highly significant. In the hypnotherapy group no relapses were recorded during the 3-month follow-up period, and no substitution symptoms were observed.
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IRRITABLE-BOWEL SYNDROME
Hypnotherapy in Severe Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Further Experience
Gut
Fifteen patients with severe intractable irritable bowel syndrome previously reported as successfully treated with hypnotherapy, have now been followed up for a mean duration of 18 months. All patients remain in remission although two have experienced a single relapse overcome by an additional session of hypnotherapy.
Experience with a further 35 patients is reported giving a total group of 50. This group was divided into classical cases, atypical cases and cases exhibiting significant psychopathology. The response rates were 95%, 43%, and 60% respectively. Patients over the age of 50 years responded very poorly (25%) whereas those below the age of 50 with classical irritable bowel syndrome exhibited a 100% response rate.
This study confirms the successful effect of hypnotherapy in a larger series of patients with irritable bowel syndrome and defines some subgroup variations.
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HYPERTENSION / HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE
The use of hypnosis and biofeedback procedures for essential hypertension
Friedman, H., & Taub, H. A.
International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis
In an attempt to evaluate a procedure combining 2 techniques, hypnosis and biofeedback, which might effect significant changes in diastolic blood pressure in essential hypertensives, 48 subjects were placed in 1 of 4 groups: 1) hypnosis only, 2) biofeedback only, 3) hypnosis and biofeedback combined, or 4) measurement only.
The 1st phase—training sessions and brief follow-ups (1 wk and 1 mo)—of the long-term study, with 6 monthly follow-up periods, was evaluated. It was found that hypnosis only and biofeedback only procedures were both capable of providing significant lowering of diastolic pressure.
However, in intergroup comparisons, the hypnosis only procedure showed the most impressive effect.
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6-MONTH FOLLOW UP HYPERTENSION / HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE
A Six-month Follow-up of the Use of Hypnosis and Biofeedback Procedures in Essential Hypertension
Friedman, H., & Taub, H. A.
American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis
This study, presenting follow-up data over a six-month period, continues a previous investigation (see above) which dealt with the effects of three procedures, 1) hypnosis alone, 2) biofeedback alone, and 3) hypnosis and biofeedback combined upon essential hypertensive patients during a training period and brief follow-up.
Although both hypnosis alone and biofeedback alone were capable of producing decrements in blood pressure, the former, hypnosis alone, appeared somewhat more effective. The hypnosis and biofeedback combined procedure continued to offer no advantage over the control 4) measurement only group.
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ARTHRITIS PAIN
Biochemical Correlates of Hypnoanalgesia in Arthritic Pain Patients
Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
Self-reported levels of pain, anxiety, and depression, and plasma levels of beta-endorphin, epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin were measured in 19 arthritic pain patients before and after hypnosis designed to produce pain reduction. Correlations were found between levels of pain, anxiety, and depression.
Anxiety and depression were negatively related to plasma norepinephrine levels. Dopamine levels were positively correlated with both depression and epinephrine levels and negatively correlated with levels of serotonin. Serotonin levels were positively correlated with levels of beta-endorphin and negatively correlated to epinephrine.
Following hypnotherapy, there were clinically and statistically significant decreases in pain, anxiety, and depression and increases in beta-endorphin-like immunoreactive material [opioid neuropeptide that may contribute to pain blockage].
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HEADACHES AND MIGRAINES
Review of the Efficacy of Clinical Hypnosis with Headaches and Migraines
International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis
The 12-member National Institute of Health Technology Assessment Panel on Integration of Behavioral and Relaxation Approaches into the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Insomnia (1996) reviewed outcome studies on hypnosis with cancer pain and concluded that research evidence was strong and that other evidence suggested hypnosis may be effective with some chronic pain, including tension headaches.
This paper provides an updated review of the literature on the effectiveness of hypnosis in the treatment of headaches and migraines, concluding that hypnosis meets the clinical psychology research criteria for being a well-established and efficacious [successful, effective] treatment and is virtually free of the side effects, risks of adverse reactions, and ongoing expense associated with medication treatments.
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MIGRAINES (HYPNOTHERAPY VS MEDICATION)
Migraine and Hypnotherapy
International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis
Compared the treatment of migraine by hypnosis and autohypnosis with the treatment of migraine by the drug prochlorperazine (Stemetil). Random allocation of 47 patients was made to one or other prophylactic measure, followed by monthly assessments and independent evaluation of 1 yr of continuous care. Criteria of improvement were the number of attacks/month, number who had Grade 4 attacks, and complete remission.
Results show that the number of attacks and the number who suffered blinding attacks were significantly lower for the group receiving hypnotherapy than for the group receiving the drug prochlorperazine.
For the group on hypnotherapy, these 2 measures were significantly lower when on hypnotherapy than when on previous treatment. Prochlorperazine seemed about as effective as previous treatment. 10 out of 23 patients on hypnotherapy achieved complete remission during the last 3 mo of the trial, compared to only 3 out of 24 on prochlorperazine.
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HYPNOSIS OVER 30 TIMES AS EFFECTIVE FOR WEIGHT LOSS
Hypnotherapy in weight loss treatment
Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
Investigated the effects of hypnosis in weight loss for 60 females, at least 20% overweight. Treatment included group hypnosis with metaphors for ego-strengthening, decision making and motivation, ideomotor exploration in individual hypnosis, and group hypnosis with maintenance suggestions.
Hypnosis was more effective than a control group: an average of 17 lbs lost by the hypnosis group vs. an average of 0.5 lbs lost by the control group, on follow-up.
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TWO YEARS LATER: HYPNOSIS SUBJECTS CONTINUED TO LOSE SIGNIFICANT WEIGHT
Effectiveness of hypnosis as an adjunct to behavioral weight management
Journal of Clinical Psychology
109 seventeen to sixty-seven year olds completed a behavioral treatment for weight management either with or without the addition of hypnosis. Results show that, at the end of the 9-wk program, both interventions resulted in significant weight reduction.
However, at 8-month and 2-year follow-ups, the hypnosis sample size showed significant additional weight loss, while those in the behavioral-treatment-only group exhibited little further change. More sample size who used hypnosis also achieved and maintained their personal weight goals.
It is suggested that hypnosis may have been an effective motivator for sample size to continue practicing the more adaptive eating behaviors acquired during treatment. Findings support the utility of employing hypnosis as an adjunct to a behavioral weight management program.
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HYPNOSIS MORE THAN DOUBLED AVERAGE WEIGHT LOSS
Hypnotic enhancement of cognitive-behavioral weight loss treatments–another meta-reanalysis
Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
In a 3rd meta-analysis of the effect of adding hypnosis to cognitive-behavioral treatments for weight reduction, additional data were obtained from authors of 2 studies, and computational inaccuracies in both previous meta-analyses were corrected. Averaged across post-treatment and follow-up assessment periods, the mean weight loss was 6.00 lbs. without hypnosis and 11.83 lbs. with hypnosis.
At the last assessment period, the mean weight loss was 6.03 lbs. without hypnosis and 14.88 lbs. with hypnosis.
Correlational analyses indicated that the benefits of hypnosis increased substantially over time.
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SIGNIFICANT WEIGHT LOSSES AND DECREASES IN BODY MASS INDEX
Weight Loss for Women: Studies of Smokers and Nonsmokers Using Hypnosis and Multicomponent Treatments With and Without Overt Aversion
Psychology Reprints
Study 1 compared overweight adult women smokers and nonsmokers in an hypnosis-based, weight-loss program. Smokers and nonsmokers achieved significant weight losses and decreases in body mass index.
Study 2 treated 100 women either in an hypnosis only or an overt aversion and hypnosis program. This multi-component follow-up study replicated significant weight losses and declines in Body Mass Index.
The hypnosis only and hypnosis with overt aversion programs yielded significantly lower post-treatment weights and a greater average number of pounds lost.
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HYPNOTHERAPY PRODUCED SIGNIFICANT WEIGHT LOSS RESULTS
Controlled Trial of Hypnotherapy for Weight Loss in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea
International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders
Randomized, controlled, parallel study of two forms of hypnotherapy 1.) directed at stress reduction, or 2.) directed at energy intake reduction, vs 3.) dietary advice alone in 60 obese patients with obstructive sleep apnea on nasal continuous positive airway pressure treatment.
18 months only the hypnotherapy group (with stress reduction) still showed a significant mean weight loss compared to baseline.
Analyzed over the whole time period the hypnotherapy group with stress reduction achieved significantly more weight loss than the other two treatment arms.
Conclusions: This controlled trial in producing weight loss using either dietary advice or hypnotherapy has produced a statistically significant result in favor of hypnotherapy.
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HYPNOSIS FOR THE RELIEF AND CONTROL OF PAIN
American Psychological Association
Research shows that hypnosis works as part of a treatment program for a number of psychological and medical conditions, with pain relief being one of the most researched areas.
Among the benefits associated with hypnosis is the ability to alter the psychological components of the experience of pain that may then have an effect on even severe pain.
In their 2003 review of controlled clinical studies, Dr. Patterson and fellow psychologist Mark Jensen, PhD, found that hypno-analgesia [hypnotherapy to relieve pain] is associated with significant reductions in: ratings of pain, need for analgesics or sedation, nausea and vomiting, and length of stay in hospitals.
Hypnosis has also been associated with better overall outcome after medical treatment and greater physiological stability. Surgeons and other health providers have reported significantly higher degrees of satisfaction with their patients treated with hypnosis than with their other patients.
A meta-analysis (a study of studies) in 2000 of 18 published studies by psychologists Guy Montgomery, PhD, Katherine DuHamel, PhD, and William Redd, PhD, showed that 75% of clinical and experimental participants with different types of pain obtained substantial pain relief from hypnotic techniques.
Thus, hypnosis is likely to be effective for most people suffering from diverse forms of pain
Drs. Patterson and Jensen indicate that hypnotic strategies are equivalent or more effective than other treatments for both acute and chronic pain, and they are likely to save both money and time for patients and clinicians.
Hypno-analgesia is likely to decrease acute and chronic pain in most individuals, and to save them money in surgical procedures.
Hypnotic analgesia has been used successfully in a number of interventions in many clinics, hospitals, and burn care centers, and dental offices.
For acute pain, it has proven effective in interventional radiology, various surgical procedures (e.g., appendectomies, tumor excisions), the treatment of burns (dressing changes and the painful removal of dead or contaminated skin tissue), child-birth labor pain, bone marrow aspiration pain, and pain related to dental work, especially so with children.
Chronic pain conditions for which hypnosis has been used successfully include, among others, headache, backache, fibromyalgia, carcinoma-related pain, temporal mandibular disorder pain, and mixed chronic pain. Hypnosis can alleviate the sensory and/or affective components of a pain experience, which may be all that is required for acute pain.
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If you are looking for hypnosis research or research on hypnotherapy this is some of the best medical and scientific studies published for flagstaff hypnosis and flagstaff hypnotherapy as well as phoenix hypnosis and scottsdale hypnotherapy.
